Jobs, Professions and Work Vocabulary

Updated: 21.09.2023

Jobs, Professions and Work Vocabulary

Professions
accountant - účetní
actor / actress - herec / herečka
architect - architekt
artist - umělec
assistant - asistent
baker - pekař

banker - bankéř

berber - holič
bartender - barman

blue-collar worker - dělník

broker - zproskředkovatel, makléř
builder - stavbař, stavební dělník

businessman - podnikatel

butcher - řezník

cameramen - kameraman

carpenter - tesař

chauffeur - šofér, osobní řidič

chef - šéfkuchař

civil servant - zaměstnanec státu, vyšší státní úředník
cleaner - uklízeč, čistič

clerk - úředník

coach - trenér

craftsman - řemeslník
dentist - zubař
director - režisér
doctor - lékař

editor - editor, redaktor, vydavatel
electrician - elektrikář
engineer - inženýr

entrepreneur - podnikatel
estate agent - realitní makléř
explorer - objevitel, cestovatel
factory worker - pracovník továrny
farmer / farm worker - pracovník na farmě, farmář

fire fighter - hasič
fisherman - rybář

flight attendant - letuška

freelancer - být na volné noze, osoba samostatně výdělečně činná

garbage man (refuse collector) - popelář, pracovnít technických služeb
gardener - zahradník
groundskeeper - správce, školník
hairdresser - kadeřník
instructor - instruktor

jeweller - klenotník
journalist - novenář, žurnalista

judge - soudce
lawyer - právník

lecturer - lektor
locksmith - zámečník
mechanic - mechanik

miner - horník
musician - hudebník, muzikant

news presenter - reportér zpráv ze studia
nurse - zdravotní sestra

optician - optik

pastor - farář, duchovní

pharmacist - lékárník, farmaceut
paramedic - záchranář
photographer - fotograf
pilot - pilot
pizza delivery man - doručovatel pizzy
plumber - instalatér
poet - básník

police officer - policista
politician - politik

porter - poslíček, pomocník

presenter - hlasatel

priest - kněz

printer - tiskař
programmer - programátor

rabbi - rabín

receptionist - recepční
sailor - námořník
salesperson / sales perpresentative - obchodní zástupce, prodavač
scientist - vědec
secretary - sekretářka
shop assistant / sales assistant - prodavač
soldier - voják
solicitor - notář
stunt performer / stuntman

surgeon - chirurg

tailor - krejčí
taxi driver - řidič taxíku
teacher - učitel
travel agent - pracovník cestovní kanceláře
vet (vetenarian) - veterinář
video game developer - developer videoher
waiter / waitress - číšník / servírka

white-collar worker - pracující hlavou
writer - spisovatel

Other
accept - přijmout
address - oslovit
application form - formulář s přihláškou, žádostí
application letter - přihláška, žádost

assist - pomáhat
benefit - výhoda, bunus, přinášet prospěch

boss - šéf
business - podnikání, obchod
career - kariéra
CEO (Chief Executive Officer) - výkonný ředitel

colleague - kolega
contract - smlouva
covering letter - motivační dopis, průvodní dopis
CV (curriculum vitae) - životopis
deadline - termín splnění

degree - titul, stupeň vzdělání

employ - zaměstnat
employee - zaměstnanec
employer - zaměstnavatel
entrepreneur - podnikatel
experience - zkušenost
full time job - na plný úvazek

funding - financování, dotace, fond
income - příjem
industry - průmysl, odvětví
interview - pohovor
investor - investor
line - řádek
occupation - povolání, zaměstnání

odd jobs - drobné, příležitostné práce
offer - nabídka
paragraph - odstavec, paragraf
part-time job - brigáda, částečný úvazek

permanent job - trvalé zaměstnání, na dobu neurčitou
position - pozice, umístění, postavení

practical training / internship - praxe, zácvik
promote - povýšit, podpořit, propagovat
qualification - kvalifikace, odbornost, způsobilost
quit - dát výpověď, odejít ze zaměstnání
retire - odejít do důchodu
salary - plat

sick leave - nemocenská, pracovní neschopnost

sick note - nemocenský lístek
signature - podpis
skill - schopnost, dovednost

social benefits - sociální dávky
subject - předmět (důvod psaní dopisu)

temporary job (temp job) - krátkodobá práce, na dobu určitou
training course - školení, výcvik
voluntary work - dobrovolnická práce
wage - mzda

Phrases
advise customers - radit zákazníkům
answer the phone - odpovídat na telefonáty, zvedat telefon
be in charge of - být pověřen, vést něco
be independent - bý nezávislý
be on your feet - být celý den na nohou
be out of work - nemít práci

be responsible for - být zodpovědný za
be part of a team - být součástí týmu
be unemployed - být nezaměstnaný
bring the bill - přinést účet
clear tables - uklidit stoly
deal with the public - pracovat s lidmi
do a training course - dělat kurz, školit se
do voluntary work - dělat dobrovolnoskou práci
earn money / earn a lot of money - vydělávat peníze

earn a living / make a living - vydělávat si na živobytí
feel pressure - cítit se pod tlakem

fill in (a position) - obsadit (pozici), zaskočit za někoho
gain opportunities - získat příležitosti

get a (pay) rise - dostat přidáno
get experience - získat zkušenosti

get fired - dostat padáka
get into debt - dostat se do dluhů
get paid for - dostat zaplaceno za

get promoted - být povýšen
get qualifications - získat vzdělání, být vyškolen

get stressed - být ve stresu
give lessons - učit, dával lekce
have a career in - mít kariéru v (oboru)
have a day off - mít den volno
join a team - přidat se k týmu
lead a team - vést tým
learn a lot - hodně se naučit
look for a job - hledat práci
make a loss - prodělávat, být v mínusu

make a profit - vydělávat, mít zisk

make phonecalls - telefonovat

notice an advertisement - všimnout si reklamy
offer someone a job - nabídnout někomu práci
prepare meals - chystat jídlo

run a company - řídit firmu
send in an application - poslat přihlášku
serve customers - obsluhovat zákazníky

take a year off - dát si rok pauzu

take time off - vzít si volno
take the day off - dát si den volna

take orders - řešit zakázky, přijmout zakázky
travel a lot - hodně cestovat

unemployed - nezaměstnaný
use a computer - používat počítač
wear a uniform - nosit uniformu
work alone - pracovat sám

work from home - pracovat z domova
work indoors / outdoors - pracovat vevnitř / venku
work long hours - mít dlouho pracovní dobu
work nine-to-five - mít osmihodinovou denní pracovní dobu

work overtime - pracovat přesčas
work with children - pracovat s dětmi

Adjectives
creative - kreativní, tvůrčí
challenging - náročný, představijící výzvu
enthusiastic - nadšený
flexible - pružný, přizpůsobivý
good at communication - dobrý v komunikaci
hard-working - tvrdě pracující
honest - upřímný, poctivý, čestný

manual - manuální, fyzický
office-based - odehrávající se v kanceláři
part-time - na částečný úvazek
patient - trpělivý
permanent - stálý, trvalý
phisically fit - fyzicky zdatný

redundant - nadbytečný
reliable - spolehlivý
repetitive - opakující se, monotónní
rewarding - odměňující, naplňující, uspokojující

overworked - přepracovaný

skilled - schopný
stressful - stresující
temporary - dočasný, na dobu určitou
tiring - únavný, vyčerpávající
unemployed - nezaměstnaný
varied - rozmanitý, různorodý
well-paid / badly-paid - dobře placený / špatně placený

Food and Gastronomy Vocabulary

Updated: 21.09.2023

Food and Gastronomy Vocabulary

Fruit
apple - jablko
apricot - meruňka
banana - banán
blackberry - ostružina
blackcurrant - černý rybíz
blueberry - borůvka
cherry - třešeň
coconut - kokos
cranberry - brusinka
gooseberry - angrešt
grapefruit - grep
grapes - hrozny
kiwi fruit - kiwi
lemon - citrón
lime - limetka
peach - broskev
pear - hruška
pineapple - ananas
plum - švestka
pomegranate - granátové jablko
raisins - rozinky
raspberry - maliny
strawberry - jahoda
tangerine - mandarinka
tomato - rajče
water melon - meloun

Vegetables and Other
beans - fazole
broccoli - brokolice
cabbage - kapusta
carrot - mrkev
cauliflower - květák
chili pepper - chilli papřička, feferonka
cucumber - okurka
leek - pórek
lettuce - salát
melon - meloun
mushrooms - houby
olives - olivy
onion - cibule
peas - hrášek
pepper (capsicum) / bell pepper - paprika / kapie
potato - brambora
radish - ředkvička
sauerkraut - kyselé zelí
spinach - špenát

Cereal 
barley - ječmen
bread - chleba
cereal - obilniny
corn - kukuřice
grain - zrní, obilí
groat - kroupy
oat - oves
pasta - těstoviny
rice - rýže
rye - žito
spelt - pšenice špalda
wheat - pšenice

Meat, Meat Products and Animal Parts
beef - hovězí

bacon - slanina

breasts - prsíčka

bushmeat, game (venison) - zvěřina

canned - konzervovaný, v konzervě
chicken - kuře

chops - plátky

fat - tuk
fish - ryba

ground (mince) meat - pomleté maso

ham - šunka

hare - zajíc
lamb - jehněčí

mutton - skopové

partridge - koroptev polní

paté - paštika

pheasant - bažant

piglet - sele
pork - vepřové

poultry - drůbeží

quail - křepelka

rabbit - králík

ribs - žebírka

roast beef - hovězí pečeně

salami - salám

sausages - párky, klobásky

smoked - uzený

thigh, drumstick - stehýnko
veal - telecí

venison - srnčí, jelení

wild boar - kančí

wild duck - divoká kachna

wild goose - divoká husa

wing - křidýlko

Fish and Sea Food
sea food - mořské plody

tuna - tuňák

Diary Products
butter - máslo
cheese - sýr
diary products - mléčné výrobky

Spice 
black pepper - černý pepř
peppercorn - zrnko pepře, pepř celý
spice - koření

Fast Food and Unhealthy Food
crisps - křupky, lupínky, chipsy (BrE)

chips - chipsy (AmE), hranolky (BrE)
fries - hranolky (AmE)
wedges - americké brambory (AmE)

Describing Food
a real let-down - opravdové zklamání
fattening - tloustne se z toho
healthy - zdravý
not up to standard - nedosahující standardu
nothing special - nic zvláštního
out of this world - neuvěřitelně dobré, z jiného světa
pretty average - docela průměrné
sweet - sladký
tasty - chutný
unhealthy - nezdravý

Types of Food
animal products - produkty ze zvířat
cereal - obilniny
diary products - mléčné výrobky
fast food - rychlé občerstvení
fruit - ovoce
meat - maso
processed food - průmyslově zpracované potraviny
seaq food - mořské plody
spice - koření
vegetables - zelenina

Other Activities
beer brewing
cigar smoking
coffee roasting
competitive eating
liquor distillation
hookah
spirits / liquor tasting
sushi making
tea drinking



In a Restaurant
chef - šéfkuchař
dessert - dezert
main course - hlavní chod
menu - jídelní lístek
reserved - obsazený
starter - předkrm
waiter / waitress - číšník / číšnice

I dont feel like having... - Nemám chuť na...
I will have a ... / I would like a ... - Já si dám...
I will have the same. - Dám si to samé.
I would rather have ... - Radši bych si dal...
Keep the change. - Drobné si nechte.

Healthy Living
bedtime - čas jít spát
do regular exercise - pravidelně cvičit
drink plenty of water
go on a diet
lose weight
keep fit
reduce the amount of salt
sleep well
vegan
vegetarian

School Vocabulary

Updated: 21.09.2023

School Vocabulary

Subjects
art and design - umění a design (kreslení)
biology - biologie
chemistry - chemie
DT (design and technology) - design a technologie (rýsování)
economics - ekonomie
English - angličtina
first aid - první pomoc
French - francouzština
geography - zeměpis
German - němčina
history - dějepis
ICT (information and communication technology) - informační a komunikační technologie (informatika)
maths - matematika
music - hudební výchova
nursing - ošetřovatelství
PE (physical education) - tělocvik
practical training - praxe, výcvik
psychology - psychologie
physics - fyzika
RE (religious education) - náboženství
Russian - ruština

somatology - somatologie

Parts of a School
canteen / cafeteria - jídelna
chnging room / locker room AmE - šatna
classroom - třída
corridor - chodba
gym - posilovna, tělocvična
hall - hala, předsíň, vstupní místnost
headmaster's BrE / head teacher's / principal's AmE office - ředitelna
ICT room - počítačová učebna
library - knihovna
music room - hudebna
playing field - hřiště
reception - recepce, sekretariát
science lab - laboratoř
staff room - místnost pro zaměstnance, sborovna
stairs - schody
teacher's office / teacher's room - kabinet
toilets - toalety

Equipment
blackboard - křídová tabule
classroom - třída (místnost)
computer - počítač
desk - lavice, pracovní stůl
gown - róba, univerzitní talár
handout - leták, podklad pro přednášku
notebook - zápisník, sešit / notebook
noticeboard - nástěnka
textbook - učebnice
timetable - rozvrh
uniform - školní uniforma
(interactive) whiteboard - (interaktivní) tabule
worksheet - pracovní list

Students and Teaching
absent - nepřítomný, chybějící
attend - navštívit, dostavit se
break - přestávka
bullying - šikana
classmate - spolužák
copy - okopírovat, opsat
exam results - výsedky zkoušky
examination (exam) - zkouška
fail - neuspět, propadnout
grade - známka, ohodnocení, stupeň
lecture - přednáška
lesson - hodina (zaměřeno na předmět)
mark - známka, bodování
pass - projít, splnit zkoušku
period - hodina (zaměřeno na dobu)
present - přítomný
register - třídní kniha
report (card) - vysvědčení
revise / review AmE - opravit, opakovat si
syllabus - učební plán
teacher - učitel
term - pololetí, semestr


Education System
boarding school - internátní škola
college - vysoká / vyšší odborná škola
comprehensive (comprehensive school) - všeobecný (všeobecné gymnázium)

elementary school - základní škola
grammar school - gymnázium (osmileté) BrE / základní škola AmE
graduate - absolvent, absolvovat, vystudovat, promovat
nursery / kindergarten / preschool - školka
postgraduate - vysokoškolský student (má titul), postgraduální
primary school - základní škola, první stupeň
private school - soukromá škola
secondary school - střední škola, druhý stupeň
single-sex school - škola pro jedno pohlaví
undergraduate - vysokoškolský student (nemá titul)
vocational (vocational school) - profesní, odborná (odborné učiliště, odborná střední škola)

 Updated: 13.03.2023

Maturita

V říjnu 2020 byly státní maturitní zkoušky zrušeny. Nové podmínky pro maturitu najdete v tomto článku. Didaktické testy se nadále konají celostátní formou.

Písemná práce

V písemné práci jsou zadány dva slohové útvary, čas na zpracování je 70 minut. Pro žáky se SPUO-1 je čas prodloužen na 90 minut a pro SPUO-2 na 105 minut. Je možnost použít překladový slovník, který neobsahuje přílohu věnovanou písemnému projevu. Škola může poskytnout jen malou část slovníků, studenti by si měli obstarat vlastní.
          Delší slohový útvar má rozsah 130 - 160 slov a 3 - 5 dílčích požadavků. Součástí zadání může být i krátký výchozí text. Kratší slohový útvar je v rozsahu 70 - 80 slov. Minimální délka obou prací je 200 slov, práce nesplňující tuto podmínku jsou automaticky hodnoceny jako NEDOSTATEČNÉ! Zadávané dlouhé slohové útvary jsou korespondence, vyprávění, článek, charakteristika a popis, krátké útvary jsou zpráva, vzkaz, pohled, popis a charakteristika.

          Písemné práce jsou hodnoceny vyučujícími školy. Hodnocení písemné práce práce tvoří 40% celkového hodnocení. Základními kritérii jsou zpracování zadání, organizace a návaznost textu, slovní zásoba, pravopis a mluvnické prostředky. Hodnotí se dodržení slohového útvaru, tématu, obsahu a rozsahu práce, logická stavba textu, propojení jednotlivých částí, vhodnost, správnost a šířka použitých lexikálních a gramatických prostředků. 

         Každé dílčí kritérium je hodnoceno 3 až 0 body. Maximální počet dosažených bodů za obě části písemné práce je 36 bodů, to je 24 bodů za první část a 12 bodů za druhou část. Minimální počet bodů pro úspěšné složení písemné práce je 16 bodů, což je 40% hranice stejně jako u ústní zkoušky.

Ústní zkouška

Při ústní zkoušce si žák losuje před komisí z 20 témat a má 20 minut na přípravu. Na potítku jsou mu poskytnuty dílčí materiály k tématu a slovník. Samotné ústní zkouška nesmí přesáhnout délku 15 minut a má 4 části. Zkouška postupuje podle pracovního listu a je monotematická.

          Každý úkol má 3 minuty. V úvodu se žák představí komisi a sdělí číslo svého pracovního listu. Úkoly v první části se týkají dvou obrázků. Základní náplní části je popis jednoho obrázku a porovnání dvou obrázků. Žák je hodnocen za předvedení tematické slovní zásoby a jazykových prostředků potřebných k popisu a porovnávání.

          Druhá část je znalostní a má 6 minut, je rozdělena na dva úkoly. Žák přednese samostatný ústní projev na dané téma a zodpoví doplňující otázky. Součástí zadání mohou být obrázky. Žák je hlavně hodnocen za adekvátní odbornou slovní zásobu a znalost tématu. Tato část je bodově nejdůležitější.

          Třetí část je konverzační. Žák má za úkol se zkoušejícím vyřešit nějakou situaci, domluvit se na postupu a nakonec zopakovat, na čem se dohodli. Žák je hodnocen za proaktivní přístup ke konverzaci, schopnost řešit situaci a vykomunikovat kompromis.

          Poslední část je odborná. Žák dostane odborné téma a doplňující otázky. Žák je hodnocen hlavně za odbornou slovní zásobu a znalost tématu.

Témata ústní zkoušky:

1. Česká republika (města kromě Prahy a Opavy)
2. Praha
3. Opava a moje město (okolí Opavy)

4. Velká Británie (města kromě Londýna)

5. Londýn a další města ve Velké Británii

6. Spojené státy americké (Washington DC, New York City, San Francisco, Los Angeles, Las Vegas, New Orleans, Houston, Chicago, Philadelphia)

7. Státní svátky a zvyky v UK a USA

8. Státní svátky a zvyky v ČR

9. Práce a budoucí povolání (druhy práce a povolání všeobecně, práce a povinnosti zdravotní sestry, práce v nemocnici, specializace, ošetřovatelská péče, vizita)

10. Zdravý a nezdravý životní styl (civilizační nemoci)

11. Péče o tělo a zdraví (lidské tělo, zdravý životní styl)

12. Zdraví a nemoci (vážné a běžné nemoci, dětské nemoci)

13. Vliv životního prostředí na naše zdraví (dýchací a trávicí systém a jeho onemocnění)

14. V nemocnici (zdravotnictví, oddělení, příjem pacienta, karta pacienta, druhy operací, u lékaře)

15. Zranění a první pomoc (krvácení, dušení, zlomeniny)

16. Cestování a doprava - zajímavá místa v ČR, USA a UK (cestování, druhy dopravních prostředků, dovolená, ubytování, zavazadla, dokumenty k cestování)

17. Každodenní život v ČR a anglicky mluvících zemích (média, bydlení v ČR, UK a USA, druhy domů, kultura)

18. Volný čas, zábava a sport v ČR a anglicky mluvících zemích (koníčky, kultura)

19. Škola a školní systém v ČR a UK

20. Stravování v ČR a anglicky mluvících zemích (typické pokrmy)

Odborná podtémata:

práce lékaře a zdravotní sestry, nemocniční personál a jeho vzdělání, praxe v nemocnici, zdravotnické předměty ve škole

zdravý a nezdravý životní styl, duševní zdraví, sport a tělocvik, špatné a nebezpečné návyky

lidské tělo, orgány a orgánové systémy, dýchací a trávicí systém

nemoci, jejich příznaky a léčba, běžné nemoci, závažné nemoci, civilizační nemoci, dětské nemoci, nemoci dýchacího a trávicího ústrojí, 

nemocnice a oddělení, pacient a hospitalizace, u lékaře, karta pacienta, druhy operací, důvody přijetí do nemocnice

první pomoc při krvácení, lékárnička a resuscitace, běžná zranění

Housing and Furniture Vocabulary

Updated: 21.09.2023

Housing and Furniture 

Housing in the UK

About 30% of homes are owned by their occupants and about 40% are on a mortgage. The cost of housing as a proportion of income is higher than average among EU countries. London is one of the most expensive places to live, the most expensive street is Kensington Palace Gardens. There are many social issues connected to housing that are especially problematic in London, such as homelessness and overcrowding.

          Most people live in houses, a detachead house is a single house and in can be considered quite luxurious in some parts of the country. Typical for the UK are semi-detached houses (two houses together, sharing a wall) and terraced houses (a street of houses joined together). British homes are some of the smallest and most expensive to heat in Europe, because most of them was built before 1973. Many terraced houses were built before WWI and are now more than a hundred years old. Only some houses have central heating, many use more expensive electrical heaters.

           Especially in old houses, there are some typical things that foreigners find odd. British bathrooms do not tend to have many electric sockets. Another curious thing is that the hot and cold water have separate taps, one of the reasons are that hot water is not counted as drinkable water. British electrical sockets have been designed to have three-pin plugs.

Housing in the US

Over 80% of the US population live in urban areas. American homes are some of the biggest in the world, with thre or more bedrooms, some families even have more houses. Most Americans own the house they live in and it is quite common to move every 5 years.

          American houses are very modern and equiped with air-conditioning, dish washers and garbage smashers. Around the cities, suburbs have grown quickly and the houses there were bought straight from a catalog. There houses have big back yards and no fences. Renting an apartment can be very expensive in big cities, some of the most expensive are San Francisco, New York City and Los Angeles.

           There are some old colonial building, especially in New England, and colonial architecture is very popular. In the South, plantation houses can be found, huge, luxurious and comfortable. Bungalows and Spanish mansions are typical for California, patios are popular and many houses have swimming pools. In the Midwest, farmhouses are typical, with huge red barns, and in the Southwest, there are many ranches. Most American cities vere planned before they were built and they have typical architecture, for example New York City is famous for its brownhouses.

           In the UK, the gound floor is at ground level and the first floor is upstairs, but in the UK, the firrst floor is the ground floor. Americans wear street shoes in the house in most of the country. Many houses have an American flag on display all year long. Mailboxes are also very typical, the box has a tunnel-top shape and a small red flag to signal incoming mail.

Sport and Games Vocabulary

Updated: 23.09.2023

Sport, Games and Hobbies Vocabulary

General Vocabulary
active - aktivní
adventure games - dobbrodružné hry
be good at - být dobrý v
bet / play the pools - sázet
break the record - překonat rekord
championship - mistrovství
coach - trenér
combat - zápas, boj, konflikt
competition - soutěž, konkurence
contest - soutěž
cup - pohár
draw - remíza / remizovat
dressing room / locker room / changing room - šatna, převlékárna
eight-lane track - osmi dráhová trať
fitness centre - posilovna, kondiční centrum
flood lights - reflektory
gym (gymnasium) - posilovna
grandstand - tribuna
helmet - helma
indoor sports - sporty dělané uvnitř
jury - porota
keep fit - udržovat se v kondici
kite - papírový drak
lose / loser - prohrát / poražený
match - zápas
outdoor sports - sporty dělané venku
padding - chrániče
PE (physical education) - tělocvik
physical - fyzický
racing - závodění
referee - rozhodčí
role-playing games (RPG) - hry ve kterých hráč hraje určitou roli
rope - provaz
rucksack - batoh
rules - pravidla
safety harness - bezpečnostní postroj
score - skóre
skill - schopnost
soundproof - odzvučněné, zvykotěsné
spectator - divák
speed - rychlost
sports facilities - sportovní zařízení
sports ground - sportovní hřiště
strength - síla
take part in - zúčastnit se
take place - konat se
team - družstvo
train / practise - trénovat, cvičit
warm up - rozcvička

win / winner - zvítězit / vítěz

Athletics 
athletics track - atletická dráha, dráha pro atletiku
body building - kulturistika
body styling - posilování
discus throw - hod diskem
hammer throw - hod kladivem
hurdle race - běh přes překážky
jevelin throw - hod oštěpem
pole vault - skok o tyči
relay - štafeta
running - běh
shot put - vrh koulí
spikes - tretry
steeplechase - překážkový běh
throwing - hod
track - závodní dráha
track and fields events - lehkoatletické disciplíny
triple jump - trojskok
walking race - (rychlostní) chůze
warm up - rozcvička

Ball Sports
badminton - badminton
baseball - basebal
basket - koš
basketball - basketbal
bat - pálka
criket - kriket
field - pole, hřiště
goal - gól, branka
goalkeeper - brankář
golf - golf
golf club - golfová hůl
golf course - golfové hřiště
handball - házená
netball - netbal
table tennis - stolní tenis
tennis racket - tenisová raketa
tennis court - tenisový kurt

Dancing
ballet - balet
ballroom dancing - společenské tance
dance studio - taneční studio
latin dance (rhythm dance) - latinskoamerické tance
standard dance (smooth dance) - standartní tance

Football Sports
football games - hry fotbalového typu
football pitch / field / ground - fotbalové hřiště
score a goal - skórovat gól

     association football / soccer - fotbal
from England, 11 players in a team, limited-contact sport

     rugby - ragby
from England, 13 or 15 players in a team, full-contact sport

     american football - americký fotbal
from the US, 11 players in a team, they wear pads and helmets, full-contact sport

Games
battleship / sea battle - lodě
board games - deskové hry
card games - karetní hry
chess - šahy
crossword (puzzle) - křížovka
darts - šipky
dice - kostka, kostky
dungeons & dragons (D&D) - dračí doupě, dračák
gambling / betting - sázení, hazardní hry
hangman - šibenice, oběšenec
jigsaw puzzle - puzzle
pawn - figurka, pěšec
rock paper scissors - kámen nůžky papír
Rubik's Cube - Rubikova kostka
snooker - kulečník
strategy - strategie
yo-yo - jojo
video games - video hry

Gymnastics
beam - kladina
buck - skákací koza
climbing pole - tyč na šplhání
dumb-bell - činka
head stand - stojka
hoops - obruč
horizontal bar - hrazda
knee bends - dřepy
mat - žíněnka, podložka
parallel bars - bradla
push ups - kily
ribbon - stuha
rope - lano, provaz
sit ups - sedy lehy
springboard - odrazový můstek
vaulting box - švédská bedna
wallbars - žebřiny

Martial Arts
boxing - box
boxing ring - boxerský ring
combat sport - úpolový sport, bojový sport
fencing - šerm
judo - judo
karate - karate
martial arts - bojové umění
MMA (mixed martial arts) - MMA
self-defense - sebeobrana
sword - kord, meč
weapon - zbraň
wire mask - drátěná maska
wrestling - zápasení

Racing
BMXing - off-roadové závodění na kole
cross country running / orienteering - orientační běh
cycling - cyklistika
horse racing - závodění na koni
horse riding - jezdectví
karting - závody na motokárách
motocross - motokros
mountain biking - závody na horském kole
racewalking - sportovní chůze
rallying - rallye
sports car racing - závody sportovních vozů
steeplechase (horse racing) - dostiny

Shooting 
aim at the target - mířit na cíl
airsoft - airsoft
archery - lukostřelba
arrow - šíp
bow - luk
gun - střelná zbraň
hit - trefit (se)
miss - minout
paintball - paintball

Water Sports
backstroke swimming - plavat znak
boat - loďka
bodyboarding - surfování v leže
breaststroke swimming - plavat prsa
butterflystroke swimming - plavat motýlka
canoeing - kanoistika
crawl - kraul
dinghy /diƞi/ - člun, loďka
diving / dive - potápění / potápět

jet-skiing - jízda na vodním skútru
kayaking - ježdění na kajaku
life jacket - záchranná vesta
oar - veslo (do jedné ruky)
paddle - pádlo (do obou rukou)
rowing / row - veslaření / veslovat
sailing - plachtění, jachtění
surfing - surfování
swimming pool - bazén
swimming jacket - záchranná vesta
water skiing - vodní lyžování

Winter Sports
bobsleigh - boby
chair lift - sedačková lanovka
cross-country skiing - běžkování
downhill skiing - sjezdové lyžování
figure skating - krasobruslení
goggles - lyžařské brýle
hockey stick - hokejka
ice hockey - lední hokej
ice rink - kluziště
luge - rychlostní sáňkování
mittens - palčáky
pads - chrániče
poles - hole
puck - puk
skating - bruslení
ski pass - spi pass
ski run - sjezdovka
ski tow - kotva, vlek
slalom - slalom
sled / sledge / sleigh - sáně
snowboarding - snowboarding
speed skating - rychlopbruslení

Other Activities and Places
abseiling - slaňování
acting - herectví
aerobics - aerobik
ballet - balet
bowling - bogling
bowling alley - místnost s bowlingovými dráhami
bungee jumping - bungee jumping
cake baking - pečení dortů
camping - kempování
climbing wall - stěna na lezení
collect stamps - sbírat známky
DIY (do it yourself) - kutilství
draw - kreslit
fishing - rybaření
gardening - zahradničení
golf - golf
golf course - golfové hřiště
hiking / backpacking - pěší turistika
jogging / running - běh (pro radost)
knitting - pletení
paint - malovat
performing arts - múzická umění, scénická, performtivní
pottery - hrnčířství, keramika
rock climbing - horolezectví
rollerblading - jízda na in-line kolečkových bruslích
sewing - šití
skateboarding - jízda na skateboardu
sunbathing - opalování
take photos - fotit
weight lifting - vzpírání, posilování
weights room - poslilovna (místnost určená přímo k posilování)
yoga - jóga

Collocations with do, play and go

          We normally use do with individual sports and activities not ending in -ing, but we use it with all combat sports and martial arts.
athletics, gymnastics, sports, weights, yoga
judo, karate, martial arts, boxing
ballet, drama, yoga

          We normally use play with team sports, ball sports, games and musical instruments.
basketball, football, golf, ice hockey, table tennis, volleyball
board games, chess, a musical instrument, the piano

          We normally use go with sports and activities ending in -ing.
bowling, cycling, running, skateboarging
camping, hiking, shopping

Photo Comparison

Created: 22.05.2020

Photo Comparison (1 min)

When comparing pictures, point out the obvious similarities and differences. Focus on the important and point out the interesting details. Do not repeat "in the first picture" / "in the second picture" and "here" and "there" more than once, you don't have time for it. You can speculate about the pictures.
          Speculate about how the people are feeling and say which picture you prefer and why. Be creative, give the pictures some context. Imagine a situation where both of the pictures would be presented to you.
          Speak in longer sentences. Use adjectives and adverbs. Explain your observations and give examples. Use the given structure to present the similarities and differences. Use the phrases from Photo Description to help you.
          Use grammar connected to comparisons, especially the comparative form of adjectives (bigger). When things are similar, you can use the as ... as phrase (as tall as Peter). You can also compare the situation by using too (too small) and enough (old enough, enough milk). Similes are sometimes used in English when comparing (as pretty as a picture).

Useful Phrases

Similarities
You can see... in both photos.
Both photos show...
The common theme in the photos is...
In both photos there are...
The room in photo A is as bright as the room in picture B.
The pictures are similar in some ways.
There is a huge similarity in both pictures.
Both pictures have something in common. / These pictures have a lot in common.

Differences
In the first photo ..., but in the second photo...
While here, the people are..., they aren't...
One obvious difference is that...
Unlike the first, the second shows...
In contrast to the first photo, the second photo...
Picture A shows ..., whereas B shows...
But unlike the first, the second photo doesn't show...
Another difference is that...
Picture A is more ... than Picture B. / Picture A is less ... than Picture B.
The house in A looks smaller than the one in B. However, I think it is cosier.
... but in the othere picture, there is ...
These pictures are completely different.
Picture A is very different from Picture B. / They have nothing in common.
In comparison with the first picture, the second picture seems...

Contrasts
indoors / outdoors
traditional / modern
identical / different
unique / common

Example

Fun and Games

PART TWO
Task Two

Look at both pictures once more and compare them (what is similar / the same / different). The following ideas may help you:

➧ place 

➧ people (age, gender, clothes)

➧ activities

➧ weather and season

➧ atmosphere

➧ other

          INTRO:    The first photo shows two young boys in a garden, probably near their house. They seem excited, so I believe they are enjoying the first snow of the season. In the second picture I can see a little girl in a beautiful dress. She is on a muddy road, having fun in a puddle.
          SIMILARITIES:    Both photos show children having fun in bad weather. In A, the boys are having a snow fight, throwing snowballs at each other, whereas in B, the girl is ruining her dress with mud. They are carefree, having fun despite the cold or mud. Judging by their expressions, I would say they are enjoying themselves.
          DIFFERENCES:    The obvious difference is the season. It is winter in this picture (A), but probably summer in this one (B). Also, they are dresses very differently. It think the boys might be twins, because they are wearing the same casual outfit. The girl, on the other hand, is wearing a fancy dress, so her mother won't be very happy with her.
          COMMENT:    I hate cold weather, so jumping in puddles woud be more fun for me. I think these pictures are from some fashion magazine, probably selling children's clothes.

Photo Description

Created: 22.05.2020

Photo Description (1,5 min)

Look at the pictures carefully and decide which one to describe. Pick the one that suits you better, where you will know what to talk about. Don't panic if you don't know the words for all the things in the picture. You can find the most important things in a dictionary, but you don't need to know the exact words for everything.
          The description should have a logical structure. You can follow the structure given in the instructions, but you don't have to. Don't jump randomly from one thing to another when describing. Start with a general description of the scene and then get into the details. Focus on the most important things in the picture.
          Create a story for the picture, talk about what happened before and what will happen after. You can finish the description with the general impression of the picture and the emotions connected to it. You can speculate about the picture and offer a personal comment. You can also speculate on why the picture was taken and how it will be used.
          When talking about details, mention interesting things. Use a lot of adjectives and adverbs to show a wide vocabulary. Don't waste time on describing simple things that won't earn you any points. Try to speak in longer sentences, give explanations and examples.
          Remember to use present tenses in the description. When describing what is and isn't in the picture, use present simple. When describing what is happening in the picture, use present continuous.
       

Useful Phrases

Introduction and General Description
In the picture, I can see... / There are...
The picture shows... / The photo shows...
It looks like a... / I think it is a... / I don't think that ...

Placement
In the centre, there is...
There are ... in the background. / ... in the foreground.
I can see some ... in the distance.
There is a ... on the left. / ... on the right.
... at the top. / ... at the bottom.
In the top left corner... / In the bottom right corner...

People and Activities
The man is facing the car.
The girl is looking at the sky.
He is sitting on the grass. / She is standing by the tent. / They are lying on the bed.
It seems as if they are looking... / It looks as if the people in the background are waiting...
She seems to be resting.
They look quite young.
The man wearing a yellow T-shirt is... / The woman in purple leggings seems to be watching... / The girt with a ponytail... / The boy who is holding a...

Speculating and Creating a Story
She is probably feeling relaxed.
I expect they are feeling anxious..., but maybe a bit excited.
Judging by her expression, I would say she is having a great time.
To me, they look as if they are feeling nervous.
I suppose that they will do some sightseeing while they are there.
There are a number of reasons why I believe this. First, ...
The reason I say that is ...
The main reason I feel this way is ...
I believe that the people are...
I suppose it's true to say that... / I'm not sure, really. Maybe...
It's most likely in the evening.
They are dancing or exercising or something like that.
She is the instructor, I would say. / I wold say that she is tired.
I can't be sure, but I would say that...
It could be that this girl is... / It is hard to say, but I think...
I am pretty certain that this man ...
It's clear that...
I guess...
Perhaps they are...

Personal Comment
To be honest, I wold never try abseiling.
For me, this activity seems quite boring.
I tried kayaking a while ago and I had the same experience.
In fact, this seems like a perfect example of...
As a matter of fact, It happened to me too.
In my opinion, this is a very nice magazine cover. / I imagine that this photo was taken for an advertisement.
As I see it, the photographer is an experienced professional, because...
In my view, the people in the picture...

Example

Geography

PART TWO
Task One

Look at pictures 2A and 2B on the separate handout. Choose one of the pictures and describe it. The following ideas may help you:

➧ place (continent, country, culture)

➧ people (age, gender, clothes)

➧ activities

➧ things

➧ atmosphere

➧ other

          INTRO:    In the picture, I can see a young Asian girl holding a sickle. She is standing is a field of rice, maybe.
          PLACE:    The picture was probably taken in Asia, she could be from China. I think it is a warm summer late afternoon, because the field and the grass in the foreground are very green. The field seems huge and there is a forest in the background, so I believe they are in the countryside. I can't be sure, but I would say that it rained in the morning, because she is wearing rubber boots.
          PEOPLE:    The girl is maybe in her late 20s and wearing casual clothes. I don't think she works there, she doesn't look tired at all. She is probably a model posing for an advertisement.
          ACTIVITIES and THINGS:    She is holding a straw in her hand. She is pretending to want to cut it with the sickle, but I don't think she will. It is a hard job and she probably doesn't even know how to do it properly.
          ATMOSPHERE:    The atmosphere is relaxed. Judging by her expression, she is having fun. The sun is most likely quite low, because it makes her hair look golden brown.
          OTHER: The photographer did a great job with this lighting, the colours are bright and fresh. It's clear that they are both professionals, because the situation is actually quite silly, in my opinion.

Ireland Summary

Updated: 20.05.2020

Ireland Summary

Location: north-western Europe, on the island of Ireland
Capital city: Dublin
Islands: the
Population: 4,9 million
Currency: Euro € EUR
Universities: University of  Dublin, National University of Ireland, University of Limerick
State system: unitary, parliamentary republic
Head of state: the President
Power: executive - government (Rialtas na hÉireann) with the Prime Minister (Taoiseach ), legislative - Oireachtas (Parliament - lower house Dáil Éireann and an upper house Seanad Éireann), judicial - courts
Flag: the Irish tricolour (trídhathach na hÉireann)
Anthem: The Soldiers's Song (Amhrán na bhFiann)
Geography: Lough Derg, Lough Allen, Lough Corrib, Wicklow Mountains, Boggeragh Mountains, Nephin Beg Mountains, Shannon Basin, Boyne Valley
Climate: temperate oceanic climate
Highest mountain: Carrauntoohil (Corrán Tauthail) 1041m
Rivers: Shannon, Blackwater, Boyne, Barrow
Sights: Grafton Street in Dublin, Glendalough in County Wicklow, The Rock of Cashel, Blarney Castle and Blarney Stone, Kylemore Castle and Abbey in County Galway, Leap Castle in County Offaly

Ireland (Éire), also called the Republic of Ireland (Poblacht na hÉireann), is a country in north-western Europe occupying 26 counties of the island of Ireland. It shares its only land border with Northern Irelnad, a part of the UK. The Irish government has followed a policy of military neutrality and the country is not a member of NATO.
          The legislature, the Oireachtas (Parliament), consists of a lower house, Dáil Éireann, an upper house, Seanad Éireann, and an elected Uachtarán (President) who serves as the non-executive, largely ceremonial, head of state. The executive branch is represented by the Rialtas na hÉireann (Government of Ireland) and the head of government is the Taoiseach (Prime Minister).
          The capital and largest city is Dublin, with 554 thousand people in the city and 1,9 people in the urban area. Around 40% of the country's population lives in the greater Dublin area. Other big cities include Cork, Limerick and Galway.
          Ireland ranks among the top ten wealthiest and most prosperous countries in the world. Its economy grew considerably between 1995 and 2007 and the country became known as the Celtic Tiger. Ireland hosts many multinational firms specialized in technology, for example Apple, Google, Microsoft and Facebook. The country has significant deposits of gypsum, limestone and metals and exports meat and dairy products.
          The country extends over an area of about five-sixths of the island of Ireland. The western pandscape mostly consists of cliffs, hills and mountains. The central lowlands are extensively covered with glacial deposits of clay and sand. The highest mountain is Carrauntoohil with 1038m, located in the MacGillycuddy's Reeks mountain range in the southwest. The longest river is River Shannon. There are many islands, peninsulas, headlands and bays in the west. Ireland is the least forested country in Europe with only about 10% of woodland left. Agriculture accounts for about 64% of the total land area.
          The Atlantic Ocean and the warming ingluence of the Gulf Stream affect weather patterns in Ireland, The climate is temperate oceanic, with mild summers and winters. The far north and west are very windy.
          The island of Ireland became a part of the UK in 1801. During the Great Famine from 1845 to 1849, over a million of people died of starvation and disease and over 1,5 million emigrated. Since 1880, the Irish Parliamentary Party wanted to achieve Home Rule. The Easter Rising in 1916 wanted to establish an independent republic, but it was supressed. The Irish War of Independence was a guerrilla war from 1919 to 1921 against the UK.
          The state was created as the Irish Free State in 1992 as a result of the Anglo-Irish Treaty. It had the status of a dominion until 1937, when a new constitution was adopted. In 1949, Ireland was officially declared a republic, following the Republic of Ireland Act of 1948.
          Ireland has a Gaelic tradition brought by Celtic immigrants. While Irish is considered the national language, English is the dominant language, the state is officially bilingual. Ireland became influenced by British culture since the 12th century invasions and 16th century colonisation. The Irish diaspora is one of the world's largest and most dispersed.
          Ireland has many famous writers, the Irish are considered great story-tellers. Among the most famous are Jonathan Swift, Bram Stoker, James Joyce, William Butler Yeats, Seamus Heaney, George Bernard Shaw and Samuel Beckett. The country is known for its traditional music and dancing, the best-selling rock band is U2.  Traditional Irish food includes Irish stew, colcannon and champ, boxty, black and white pudding and coddle.

New Zealand Summary

Created: 19.04.2020

New Zealand Summary

Location: in the southeastern Pacific Ocean, the microcontinent of Zealandia
Capital city: Wellington
Islands: the North Island (Te Ika-a-Maui) and the Southern Island (Te Waipounamu) and around 600 smaller islands
Population: 4,98 million
Currency: New Zealand dollar NZD
Universities: University of Otago, University of Canterbury, Lincoln University, University of Auckland
State system: unitary, parliamentary, constitutional monarchy
Head of state: officialy Queen Elizabeth II
Power: executive - Prime Minister and Governor-General, legislative - unicameral Parliament (House of Representative and Governor-General), judicial - courts
Flag: the New Zealand Ensign (Te haki o Aotearoa), a Blue Ensign with the Southern Cross of four red and white stars
Anthem: God Defend New Zealand
Geography: Southern Alps, Taupo Volcanic Zone, Lake Taupo
Climate: temperate maritime
Highest mountain: Mount Cook (Aoraki) 3724m
Rivers: Waikato, Clutha/Matau, Whanganui, Taieri, Rangitikei, Mataura
Sights: Sky Tower in Auckland, Hobbiton movie set, Hamilton Gardens, Te Papa Tongarewa in Wellington

New Zealand, in Maori called Aotearoa, is a sovereign island contry in the southwestern Pacific Ocean. It consists of two large islands, the North Island and the South Island, and around 600 smaller islands. The Realm of New Zealand also includes Tokelau (a dependent territory), the Cook Islands and Niue (self-governing states) and the Ross Dependency (territorial claim in Antarctica).
          New Zealand is a constitutional monarchy and has a parliamentary system where the head of state, Queen Elizabeth II, is represented by the Governor General. The Parliament holds legislative power and consists of the Queen and the House of Representatives. The upper house, the Legislative Council, was abolished in 1950. The Cabinet is formed by the ministers and lead by the Prime Minister.
          The population is almost 5 million people, most of them live in urban areas. More than 71% of the population identify themselves as European, or of European origin, and more than 16% identify themselves as Maori. The capital city is Wellington with 420 thousand people, located on the North Island. The most populous urban arei is Auckland with 1,6 million people, located also on the North Island.
          It is a developed country dominated by the service sector. The main industries are textiles, machinery and forest industry. The country is rich in oil, gas, iron ore and coal. Only about 2% of the land is arrable and the main crops is grain. The country is heavily dependent on international trade, particularly in agricultural products. It exports meat, wood, fruit, machinery and wine. The New Zealand dollar is informally known as the Kiwi dollar.
          The country has a varied topography with sharp mountain peaks created by tectonic uplift and volcanic eruptions. The east coast consists of fertile plains, especially the large Canterbury Plains on South Island. There is a volcanic plateau in the centre of the North Island. South Island has glaciers and 15 peaks over 3000m, the highest mountain is Mount Cook with 3724m. New Zealand has a maritime climate, but conditions vary sharply across regions. Some places are extremely wet and some are quite dry.
          Because of its remoteness, it was the last large habitable land to be settles by humans. During the long period of isolation, it developed a distinct biodiversity. The geographic isolation for 80 million years produced biologican isolation. Humans caused massive deforestation and today, only 23% of land is covered by forests. The most famous indigenous animals are kiwi, kakapo and penguins. A lot of the species became extinct because of humans who brought rats, cats and other animals to the islands. The country is traing to help the threaten wildlife and introduced many restrictions and protected areas.
          Between 1280 and 1350, Polynesians began to settle in the islands and develop a distinctive Maori culture. In 1642, Dutch explorer Abel Tasman became the first European to sight New Zealand. In 1840, the British declared sovereignty over the islands. It became a colony and in 1907 a dominion. New Zealand became an independent state in 1947, but the British monarch remained the head of state.
          The contry's culture is mainly derived from Maori and British and the official languages are English and Maori. The Maori people are based in east Polynesian culture with tribal groups. Rural imagery and themes are common in culture. The traditional Maori food is hangi, which is meat and vegetables slow-cooked in an underground oven. Famous New Zealanders include Peter Jackson, Russel Crowe, Karl Urban, Lucy Lawless, Taika Waititi, Lorde, Edmund Hillary and Ernest Rutherford.